Observation and polarization measurement ofB0→a1(1260)+a1(1260)−decay

Observation and Polarization Measurement of B[superscript 0]-->a1(1260)[superscript +]a1(1260)[superscript -] Decay

Observation of optical polarization Möbius strips

Möbius strips are three-dimensional geometrical structures, fascinating for their peculiar property of being surfaces with only one “side”—or, more technically, being “nonorientable” surfaces. Despite being easily realized artificially, the spontaneous emergence of these structures in nature is exceedingly rare. Here, we generate Möbius strips of optical polarization by tightly focusing the lig...

1 Polarization : Concepts , Measurement , Estimation

We develop the measurement theory of polarization for the case in which income distributions can be described using density functions. The main theorem uniquely characterizes a class of polarization measures that fit into what we call the “identity-alienation” framework, and simultaneously satisfies a set of axioms. Second, we provide sample estimators of population polarization indices that ca...

INCOME POLARIZATION IN PAKISTAN Measurement and Decomposition

Polarization in context of income distribution refers to the decline of middle class. The empirical analysis of polarization is quite unexplored area in Pakistan. The present paper measures polarization for Pakistan and its rural and urban segments and the novel concept of time-decomposition of polarization has also been applied for the first time in Pakistan for the three latest survey years o...

A Functional Ontology of Observation and Measurement

An ontology of observation and measurement is proposed, which models the relevant information processes independently of sensor technology. It is kept at a sufficiently general level to be widely applicable as well as compatible with a broad range of existing and evolving sensor and measurement standards. Its primary purpose is to serve as an extensible backbone for standards in the emerging se...